An itchy scalp can be annoying, embarrassing, and in some cases, even painful. Whether it’s a mild irritation or a persistent, intense itch, figuring out what’s behind it is key to getting lasting relief. While many people automatically think of dandruff, the causes of scalp itch go far beyond just flaking skin.

This article explores the most common reasons your scalp may itch and what you can do about it. All information is based on verified medical sources, and we’ve included tips for prevention and treatment to help you feel confident and comfortable again.

1. Dry Scalp
A dry scalp occurs when your skin lacks moisture. Just like the skin on your hands or face, your scalp can dry out—especially during cold weather, after washing your hair too frequently, or using shampoos with harsh ingredients.

Common signs include:

Flaky skin without oiliness
Tight or rough scalp feeling
Mild itching that worsens after washing

What helps:

Switch to hydrating shampoos and avoid those with sulfates
Reduce hair washing to 2–3 times per week
Use natural oils like coconut, jojoba, or argan oil after shampooing
2. Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis
Dandruff is one of the most frequent culprits. It’s often caused by an overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia, which lives on oily areas of the scalp. This can trigger irritation and excess skin shedding.

Symptoms:

White or yellowish flakes
Itchy, sometimes oily scalp
Redness or sensitivity in severe cases

How to treat:

Use an anti-dandruff shampoo containing zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole, or selenium sulfide
Leave the shampoo on for 3–5 minutes before rinsing
Rotate shampoos every few weeks if one stops working
3. Psoriasis
Scalp psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder that causes the skin to build up too quickly. This leads to thick, scaly patches that can be itchy and even painful.

What it looks like:

Silvery-white scales over red skin
May extend beyond the hairline
Sometimes causes bleeding or hair thinning

Management options:

Prescription topical steroids or vitamin D analogs
Medicated shampoos designed for psoriasis
Phototherapy or systemic treatment in severe cases
4. Allergic Reactions (Contact Dermatitis)
Hair care products, especially those with fragrances, preservatives, or dyes, can trigger allergic reactions. One common culprit is PPD (paraphenylenediamine), a chemical found in hair dyes.

Signs to watch for:

Sudden itching after using a new product
Red or swollen areas on the scalp
Burning or tingling sensation

Treatment steps:

Stop using the suspected product
Rinse the scalp thoroughly with water
Use a mild shampoo and consult a dermatologist if irritation persists
5. Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Eczema can affect the scalp just like other parts of the body. People with a history of eczema may notice flare-ups triggered by stress, weather changes, or allergens.

Typical symptoms:

Dry, scaly patches
Redness and swelling
Severe itching, especially at night

Tips for relief:

Apply topical corticosteroids (as prescribed)
Use a gentle, non-fragranced shampoo
Keep scalp moisturized with emollients
6. Head Lice
Head lice are small parasitic insects that feed on blood from the scalp, causing intense itching. They’re most common in children but can affect anyone.

How to identify them:

Persistent itching, especially at the back of the head or behind the ears
Tiny white nits (lice eggs) attached to hair shafts
Irritated, red scalp

Treatment:

Over-the-counter lice shampoos (permethrin or pyrethrin-based)
Use a fine-tooth comb to remove nits daily
Wash bedding and clothing in hot water
7. Tinea Capitis (Scalp Ringworm)
Despite the name, ringworm is not caused by worms. It’s a fungal infection that’s especially common in children.